* Habib Dagher UMe gives Maine AquaVentus presentation 41min
* Habib Dagher Q&A Session 50 minutes 10 seconds
OTHER BUSINESS
* USCG Shaun Doyle Covid restrictions shipping 3min4sec
* USCG Clayton Franklin on Portland Head Light repairs 2min49sec
Attendees
After going through all the agency prose emitted by Maine DEP in response to the citizen initiated rulemaking to bar disposal in Maine of waste originating outside of the state of Maine, one can safely summarize it as
The Board of Environmental Protection is unable to visualize a Maine that does NOT import waste from other states for burning and/or permanent storage in waste mounds. The agency advising the Board rests its case on the wording of the bad bill that passed in a late night classic rush job, badly amending state waste law so that it recognizes construction and demolition debris or other "trash" wastes from other states as "Maine waste" once lightly processed inside the border.
While they don't want to slow the flow of waste coming into Maine, the Board, however envisions adopting the phrase "environmental justice" into rule and statute, so that the waste flow equally pollutes the air, water and soil of rich and poor Mainers alike.
As nothing seems to have come out of DEP The Board should petition the governor to introduce legislation this session to close the waste importation loophole, While it is too late for a legislator's bill in 2021 Governor Mills can and should cause DEP to introduce a department bill that would end bulk waste imports to Maine at any time.
The basic statement and response to comments
Upstream Watch 80-C Superior Court appeal 12/16/20 28 pages.
From the December 16, 2020 edition of The Guardian, UK
''We're getting Europe's waste?' US hit by plastic debris lost from UK ship
Environmentalists question why waste washing up on Maine coast was being imported from Northern Ireland for energy production
Brightly coloured plastic debris from the UK has been washing up along the coast of Maine in the US after a shipment bound for incineration fell into the sea.
The plastic debris, part of a 10,000-tonne consignment from Re-Gen Waste, a company based in Newry, Northern Ireland, has infuriated environmentalists and locals surprised to learn that the north-eastern state of Maine is importing plastic from almost 3,000 miles away.
Volunteers struggling to clear the waste from the shoreline of Sears Island, alongside a company employed to tackle it, fear they are fighting a losing battle as more plastic washes up with every tide.
Politicians and environmentalists say the US, which is the world’s biggest producer of plastic waste, should not be importing more plastic. They are concerned about the potential effects on wildlife in Penobscot Bay, home to one of Maine’s first commercial lobster fisheries.
“This event was an unfortunate and preventable accident and speaks to a larger issue, that is, how we process trash,” Genevieve McDonald, a Democratic representative in the Maine legislature, said.
“We should not be in a position where any facility needs to import trash. This came as a surprise to me because I know how much plastic we create in the US.”
McDonald, who is a commercial lobster boat captain and sits on Maine’s marine resource committee, said she was also concerned about the effect of the waste on the area’s wildlife, as well as on the lobster fishery, “a cornerstone of our marine economy here in Maine”.
In a statement, Re-Gen Waste said it was “distressed” to learn of the “unacceptable and entirely preventable” incident. The bales of what it called “waste to energy fuel”, which is diverted from landfill, were being transferred from the MV Sider London cargo ship to Mack Port in Searsport during a storm on 2 December.
During the transfer, by Sprague Energy terminal, two bales fell into Penobscot Bay. One of the bales could not be retrieved, it said, and high winds blew the plastic on to the north-west side of Sears Island. The rest of the consignment was transferred to Penobscot Energy Recovery Company (Perc) in the town of Orrington, to be used to generate electricity.
The Re-Gen Waste statement said: “We have been active in the interim, working closely with Searsport’s town manager, Sprague Energy terminal and Penobscot Energy Recovery Co, to ensure that every measure possible is employed, to redress the situation.
“A crew from Clean Harbors in Hampden was deployed to clean up the plastic that accumulated on the north-west corner of Sears Island, and students from the Maine Ocean School were mobilised to do a further sweep of the shoreline last Friday.
Re-Gen Waste said it had shipped between 80,000 and 100,000 tonnes of waste into Europe and across the world and this was the first time an “offloading incident” had been reported by a port. The Guardian contacted Sprague Energy and Perc for comment but neither has yet responded.
Ron Huber, a conservationist and executive director of Friends of Penobscot Bay, said he had already been concerned about waste from New York and other parts of New England coming to Maine. “Now we’re getting Europe’s waste as well? This is a real disincentive to reduce waste: ‘Oh we’ll just take your waste and burn it.’”
He said the area was important for wildlife, including moose and deer, and that the bay was host to fish nurseries.
“So many citizens are out there picking up the waste. But the whole thing is a comedy of errors. It shouldn’t have been a week before the agencies responded. They should have nets to make sure waste bales don’t fall into the sea.”
Jim Valette, an anti-waste campaigner who runs Material Research, a “low-profit” company, said the consignment was the biggest export to the US he had seen: “It’s usually going the other way. It’s outrageous it has come to us to clean up Europe’s mess.”
On average, 1,300 containers are lost at sea every year, according to the World Shipping Council.
From 1 January, controls on transboundary waste will be tightened under the Basel convention, a treaty covering waste shipments between nearly 190 governments, including the UK. The US has signed but not ratified the convention, but the regulations are expected to affect how it trades in plastic waste.
From Islesboro Island Trust 12/15/20
Plastic Waste from Ireland en route to the waste-to-energy incinerator in Orrington, Maine washes up on Islesboro
On a sunny December 2, 2020, with a brisk southerly breeze, Sprague Operating Resources dropped more than 2 tons of plastic waste next to the Mack Point terminal in Searsport while unloading a shipment of about 100 metric tons of what is called solid-recovered fuel [SRF - plastic that can’t be recycled that is processed for burning in facilities like the Penobscot Energy Company (PERC)] from the MV Sider London carrying this material from Re-Gen Waste in the United Kingdom to PERC.
John Kerr photo Sprague did not report the spill at that time. The plastic spill was not known until six days later on December 8 when someone walking on Sears Island’s western beach noticed a huge amount of plastic, some in highly compressed chunks, mixed with seaweed along about a half-mile of the high tide line. The walker contacted journalist Ethan Andrews and the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). Andrews then broke the story to public media.
After media and DEP notification, Sprague launched a clean-up effort by contracting Clean Harbors from Hampden, Maine, who reportedly then sent a small clean-up crew to Sears Island. Hundreds of volunteers from Friends of Sears Island, the Maine Ocean School in Searsport, Upstream Watch and elsewhere provided significant additional clean-up help.
IIT learned about this plastic spill on Wednesday, December 9, after reading the brief Facebook report from Andrews. In addition to discussing this with Jon Kerr, retired biology teacher, IIT Trustee and IIT Preserves management assistant who I knew to be deeply concerned about all plastics in the world’s oceans but especially about microplastics, I walked the western shore of the Turtle Head Preserve to see whether any of the spill had washed ashore there.
Thankfully, none of this material could be seen along that stretch of Islesboro’s shore. I made two subsequent surveys here that did not reveal any of the spill at Turtle Head.
However, on Sunday, December 13, while walking the stretch of beach associated with the Red House Farm conservation easement that was given to IIT by Mrs. Owsley in 1988, Jon Kerr and Laine Alexander found some of the Irish plastic mixed with seaweed along what Jon described as an approximately 35- to 40-foot-long area of their beach. They looked both north and south of this location but did not find any more.
Jon immediately contacted IIT. IIT helped put him in touch with DEP and Ethan Andrews. Jon collected a few pieces of the shredded plastic and took pictures.
Monday, Jon wrote, “I talked to DEP this morning; was put through to three different people. Finally, was told that the cargo port was in charge of the clean-up and to contact them. I called Josh Littlefield, [Sprague manager] who is in charge of overseeing the clean-up, and left a message that the plastic is making an appearance on our shore.” Later in the day Jon reported that Littlefield “is going to try to have someone come out tomorrow [Tuesday, December 15] to look at a possible plastic clean-up plan.”
The stretch of beach where Jon and Laine found the plastic material is located on what chart’s refer to as Sprague’s Cove, roughly opposite Sprague’s Ledge and a little south of Barley Ledge. The location is not readily accessible by boat and is a considerable distance from Keller Point Road, the closest public way.
According to Friends of Sears Island President Susan White, who spent time on Sears Island helping to clean-up the plastic debris and with whom we have been in communication regarding this plastic spill, hand-picking the thousands, perhaps millions of very small pieces entangled in the seaweed is incredibly inefficient and cannot reasonably be expected to retrieve all of the pieces before continued dispersal in Penobscot Bay. Susan asks, “Who has the authority to determine when the [clean-up] work will be complete?”
IIT and others are also asking, “Where else in the Bay might this plastic be found?” Jon Kerr suggested using nets behind boats to trawl for particles. Jon spoke with Shey Conover, also an IIT Trustee and co-owner of Marshal Cove Mussels and Islesboro Marine Enterprises, about this possible attempt to assess dispersal through the Bay and she concurred, indicating that their business boats might be able to undertake just such a search through the water.
Meanwhile, The Telegraph in the UK published a piece today (December 15) titled “UK plastic waste washes up on unspoiled Maine island after falling into the sea.” FOSI’s Susan White, during a Penobscot Watershed Coalition meeting Monday to discuss plans for a watershed conference in late 2021, stepped away from her Zoom connection to take an interview from The Guardian.
The spill can be characterized as an international event of international concern.
In July this past summer, researchers from the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences released a report on how microplastics affect lobster larvae, concluding that young larvae get microplastic fibers trapped under their shells that inhibit respiration, potentially leading to death. Older lobster larvae ingest microplastic particles, which pose health consequences for those lobsters as well as for humans who may consume them.
he Shaw Institute located just east of Islesboro in Blue Hill, Maine is a global forerunner in microplastic research. According to the Shaw Institute website (https://www.shawinstitute.org/focus/plastics-and-microplastics), their research “detected staggering amounts of microplastic fragments in water samples collected from Blue Hill and Penobscot Bays – on average, 17 plastic fragments in every liter of seawater.” Further, the Shaw Institute found significant numbers of microplastic pieces in oysters and mussels. Shaw notes that, “We are not only concerned for the health of our marine species, but by better understanding microplastics, we can help protect the health of seafood consumers.”
And all of the Shaw Institute research, of course, came before this current, massive plastic dump in Penobscot Bay immediately adjacent to and directly impacting Islesboro.
We expect an Ethan Andrews investigative piece on the spill and its effect on Islesboro later today or tomorrow in the FreePress (https://freepressonline.com/). We will continue to keep you updated as this evolving issue unfolds.
Steve Miller
Islesboro Islands Trust | P.O. Box 182, 376 West Bay Road, Islesboro, ME 04848
COUNTY LEVEL: Each county has both a Local Emergency Planning AGENCY and a Local Emergency Planning COMMITTEE.
These are county level organizations, required under federal and state law to coordinate hazardous materials response preparedness activities. LEPC Purposes and Membership
* Waldo County Local Emergency Planning AGENCY
* Waldo County Local Emergency Planning COMMITTEE (LEPC)
* Knox County Local Emergency Planning COMMITTEE (LEPC)
* Knox County Emergency Planning AGENCY
* Hancock County Local Emergency Planning AGENCY
Hancock County Local Emergency Planning COMMITTEE (LEPC)
* All Maine County Emergency Planning agencies
STATE LEVEL
Maine Emergency Management Agency
MEMA and Human Caused Hazards
* State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)
Contact: Faith Staples 207.557.3675 faith.e.staples@maine.gov
SERC Duties
SERC October 13, 2020 Meeting Minutes
Maine DEP Spill Response _ Maine Spill Response Statute
STATE/FEDERAL * Maine Port Safety Forum Minutes of PSF
FEDERAL U.S. National Response Team (NRT) NRT "provides technical assistance, resources and coordination on preparedness, planning, response and recovery activities for emergencies involving hazardous substances, pollutants and contaminants, oil, and weapons of mass destruction in natural and technological disasters and other environmental incidents of national significance."
JRL's recent letter to the editor declared the company's landfill leachates, tanker-trucked daily to a wastewater treatment plant on the shore of Penobscot River in Old Town meet all regulatory requirements.
As clean water advocates , from statewide NGOs to the Penobscot Indian Nation, note, Casella's hastily written letter to the editor from Casella's Toni King is more remarkable for what it doesn't say than what it does about its chemical brew.
Is Juniper Ridge Landfill leachate polluting the Penobscot River? You wouldn't know from Ms King's letter.
King's letter is filled with comforting phrases: "as required by law"... "carefully regulates"..."limits concentrations"..."requires monitoring"... "all applicable licensing criteria"... "compliant with state law"..
But those could be used to describe nuclear waste, or the tainted leachate from GAC Chemical's. shoreline waste dumps
Also along the way: there are so many other polluters, ours is such a minor portion. This reminds me of something then-
DEP Commissioner David Littell said early in the process. I don't have the exact words in front of me, but the essence was: The DEP does not exist to eliminate pollution; its job is to license pollution. Take this wherever it leads. Thanks to all for the work you are doing. Paul S. 207 907 0906
As printed in the Bangor Daily News 11/22/2020
Landfill and leachateOn November 19, 2020 Maine Board of Environmental Protection held its regular meeting by ZOOM. One of the topics at the meeting: Nordic Aquafarms DEP permits. Listen to selections from the meeting
NORDIC
Closing arguments at start of hearing Full 11/1920 BEP Nordic hearing 2hrs
1.Closing Arguments_Intro and Dacid Lossee Upstream Watch 10min30sec
2. Barry Costa_Pierce U New England_8min33sec.mp3
4 Closing argument Kim Tucker MLU 2min11sec
5. Michael Lannon Northport Village Corp (NVC) 3min 49sec
Sue Lessard 2. Discussion DEP oversight of Special Conditions 6min23sec
Maine Board of Pesticides Control PC received a letter at its September meeting from Professor John Jemison, a soil and water quality specialist with the U-Maine Cooperative Extension, with concerns over the inadequate regulation of pesticide use on Maine-grown\ marijuana. Here is the letter https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/pesticides/documents2/bd_mtgs/sep20/pesticides-and-cannabis-production.pdf
2020
2020 Quorum sensing regulates 'swim-or-stick' lifestyle in the phycosphere " Interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria play major roles in global biogeochemical cycles and oceanic nutrient fluxes. These interactions occur in the microenvironment surrounding phytoplankton cells, known as the phycosphere.
Bacteria in the phycosphere use either chemotaxis or attachment to benefit from algal excretions. Both processes are regulated by quorum sensing (QS), a cell-cell signalling mechanism that uses small infochemicals to coordinate bacterial gene expression"
2020 Inhibiting bacterial cooperation is an evolutionarily robust anti-biofilm strategy " Bacteria commonly form dense biofilms encased in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are often extremely tolerant to antimicrobials but their reliance on shared EPS may also be a weakness as social evolution theory predicts that inhibiting shared traits can select against resistance.
Here we show that extracellular polymeric substances extruded as...biofilms is a cooperative trait whose benefit is shared among cells, and that EPS inhibition reduces both cell attachment and antimicrobial tolerance.
We then compare an EPS inhibitor to conventional antimicrobials in an evolutionary experiment. While resistance against conventional antimicrobials rapidly evolves, we see no evolution of resistance to EPS inhibition.
We further show that a resistant strain is outcompeted by a susceptible strain under EPS inhibitor treatment, explaining why resistance does not evolve. Our work suggests that targeting cooperative traits is a viable solution to the problem of antimicrobial resistance."
2019
2019 Quorum sensing in Vibrio spp.: the complexity of multiple signalling molecules in marine and aquatic environments "Quorum sensing (QS) is a density-dependent mechanism enabling bacteria to coordinate their actions via the release of small diffusible molecules named autoinducers (AIs). Vibrio spp. are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions by using a wide range of physiological mechanisms ...... Cell-to-cell communication controls many of their vital functions such as niche colonization, survival strategies. "
2019 Big Impact of the Tiny: Bacteriophage-Bacteria Interactions in Biofilms "Bacteriophages (phage viruses) have been shaping bacterial ecology and evolution for millions of years, for example, by selecting for defence strategies. Evidence supports that bacterial biofilm formation is one such strategy and that biofilm-mediated protection against phage infection depends on maturation and composition of the extracellular matrix. Interestingly, studies have revealed that phages can induce and strengthen biofilms."
2018 Maximizing Growth Yield and Dispersal via Quorum Sensing Promotes Cooperation in Vibrio Bacteria "Quorum sensing (QS) is a form of bacterial chemical communication that regulates cellular phenotypes, including certain cooperative behaviors, in response to environmental and demographic changes. Despite the existence of proposed mechanisms that stabilize QS against defector exploitation, it is unclear if or how QS cooperators can proliferate in some model systems in populations mostly consisting of defectors.
We predicted that growth in fragmented subpopulations could allow QS cooperators to invade a QS defector population. This could occur despite cooperators having lower relative fitnesses than defectors due to favored weighting of genotypes that produce larger populations of bacteria"
2016 Editorial: Signals to sociality: how microbial communication fashions communities "[M]ost bacteria exist in nature in multifaceted communities that are often associated with living and non-living surfaces. Within these communities, bacteria are exchanging information with other bacteria and other organisms, including eukaryotes, to generate coordinated behaviors.
Central to this microbial information exchange is communication between cells. The act of communication exists in many forms and is often considered essential for organized group behaviors between individuals and for the development of multicellular organisms.
2016 Editorial: Signals to sociality: how microbial communic fashions communities " "[M]ost bacteria exist in nature in multifaceted communities that are often associated with living and non-living surfaces. Within these communities, bacteria are exchanging information with other bacteria and other organisms, including eukaryotes, to generate coordinated behaviors. "
2016 Quorum sensing is a language of chemical signals and plays an ecological role in algal-bacterial interactions "Algae are ubiquitous in the marine environment, and the ways in which they interact with bacteria are of particular interest in marine ecology field. The interactions between primary producers and bacteria impact the physiology of both partners, alter the chemistry of their environment, and shape microbial diversity."
2016 Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching in the Phycosphere of Phytoplankton: a Case of Chemical Interactions in Ecology "The interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton regulate many important biogeochemical reactions in the marine environment, including those in the global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. At the microscopic level, it is now well established that important consortia of bacteria colonize the phycosphere, the immediate environment of phytoplankton cells. In this microscale environment, abundant bacterial cells are organized in a structured biofilm."
2015
2015 Quorum Sensing in Marine Microbial Environments "Quorum sensing (QS) was first observed in a marine bacterium nearly four decades ago...Only in the past decade has there been a rise in interest in the role that QS plays in the ocean.
"It has become clear that QS.... is involved in important processes within the marine carbon cycle, in the health of coral reef ecosystems, and in trophic interactions between a range of eukaryotes and their bacterial associates. "
"The most well-studied QS systems in the ocean occur in surface-attached (biofilm) communities...." "QS is highly sensitive to the chemical and biological makeup of the environment and may respond to anthropogenic change, including ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures."
2012
2012 Interactions in Bacterial Biofilm Development: A Structural Perspective "A community-based life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. These cellular accretions or biofilms are initiated upon recognition of solid phases by cell surface exposed adhesive moieties.
Further cell-cell interactions, cell signalling and bacterial replication leads to the establishment of dense populations encapsulated in a mainly self-produced extracellular matrix; this comprises a complex mixture of macromolecules. These fascinating architectures protect the inhabitants from radiation damage, dehydration, pH fluctuations and antimicrobial compounds"
2011
2011 "From Koch's Postulates to Socio-microbiology" "The ability of bacteria to intercommunicate and process information about resource availability and the health status of the host has led to the concept of bacteria behaving like a social group. The study of social networks developed among bacteria in their natural habitats is called sociomicrobiology. From "Koch's Postulates to Socio-microbiology."2011 The New Science of Sociomicrobiology and the realm of synthetic materials and systems ecology "We need to remain cognizant that bacterial cells are individual organisms involved in complex social interactions. So not only do we need to think about systems and synthetic biology from a cellular perspective, but we need to think about systems and synthetic ecology too."
2011 Territoriality in Proteus: advertisement and aggression "Members of the bacterial species Proteus mirabilis are capable of rapid swarming over a hard agar surface. Swarming colonies display a striking phenotype in which a visible boundary forms between swarms of different strains. In contrast, boundaries do not arise between two swarms of a single strain (Figure 1). This behavior is a demonstration that P. mirabilis swarms are capable of territoriality and self versus non-self recognition"
"At the cellular level self vs non-self recognition is a behavior conserved throughout biology, from bacteria to animals and to vertebrate immune systems. The puzzle of how cells or organisms recognize and differentiate self from non-self is fundamental to fields as far from each other as immunology and ecology.
The boundary formation between P. mirabilis is clearly a complex interplay of cell-to-cell communication and population development. In boundary formation, there is not only social recognition but also territorial competition between approaching Proteus strains. It seems likely that recognition and antagonism both play a role in the overall boundary formation process, but antagonism is not required for boundary formation. Molecular details of the dance leading to boundary formation remain to be determined.
2008
2008 Sociomicrobiology: The evolution of quorum sensing in bacterial biofilms "Biofilms are surface-bound aggregates of bacteria that are held together by a matrix of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). Quorum sensing often controls the synthesis and secretion of EPSs, but although some bacteria switch on EPS production at high cell densities in biofilms, other bacteria switch it off. Nadell et al. used a model that simulates the growth of a simple biofilm to simulate competition between strains that had different EPSs and quorum-sensing phenotypes. This revealed that switching quorum sensing and EPSs off allows bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa to compete better in environments in which competition is prolonged and intense..."
2005 Sociomicrobiology: the connections between quorum sensing and biofilms. Trends Microbiol 13: 27-33 [B]iofilms and quorum sensing represent two areas in which microbiologists focus on social aspects of bacteria. .....We believe that these two aspects of bacterial behavior represent a small part of the social repertoire of bacteria. Bacteria exhibit many social activities and they represent a model for dissecting social behavior at the genetic level. Therefore, we introduce the term 'sociomicrobiology'. "
"A clear challenge facing the field is to determine what parameters of a biofilm community influence the onset of quorum sensing and subsequent patterns of gene expression. Another key challenge is to determine the functional consequences of quorum sensing in a biofilm community...... Finally, the role of quorum sensing in mixed species systems remains to be explored. Does interspecies signaling occur frequently in mixed species systems, or do signal consuming organisms severely limit the extent of signaling that occurs? The answer to these questions will undoubtedly provide some expected results as well as surprises."
