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Dec 26, 2024

Kidder's Point historic media coverage 1902 to 1955

The below links are to galleries of newspaper articles by decade that consider the changing uses of what was then called Kidder's Point area of southwest Stockton Harbor. (now "Kidder Point")

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

Dec 25, 2024

Waldo County Survey of 1873. Fish and Wildlife Survey excerpts

A SURVEY OF WALDO COUNTY, MAINE 1873
Historical, Physical, Agricultural.   

By MEMBER OF THE MAINE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AUGUSTA
SPRAGUE OWEN & NASH, PRINTERS 1873.


===========

Excerpts on Mammals Birds and Fishes of  Waldo County including its tidal waters.

GAME & FISH,

"In Waldo county, which is upon the seaboard, not much game is found. Ruflied grouse inhabit every grove of any size, but are exceedingly shy. Hares abound in our swamps to some extent. Snipe are occasionally met.with, but woodcock are about extinct.   _  

Fur bearing animals are found to some extent; the fox, mink, raccoon, and  skunk, are the chief. Originally they were abundant, and in days of early settlements, or forty to sixty years  ago,              they were to be met with at almost every step.

Fish are scarce.  Brook trout, the prince of fish, between persistent fishing and dams across all brooks of size, and water polluted with sawdust from mills, have nearly all disappeared. Some varieties of inferior fish are yet quite plentiful.

Along shore, springs and antumns, good shooting may be had for ducks and geese which here pause on their migrations.

Good opportunities for fish culture are found in every town, but as yet we have no one who has engaged in that business. 


Marine Fishes

Smelt and tomcods are very plentiful in the bay and river in Spring.

==========================================

 (88)

Later in the season the bay affords cod, haddock, hake, mackerel,and pogies; the latter caught mainly for their oil, which is expressed, after they are boiled in large boilers, under powerful screws. The residue left, known as “pogie chum," is a powerful fertilizer, and commands a good price.

Lobsters, that once abounded along the seacoast of the county,have been pursued to such an extent, that they are scarce and small, and command a high price.

The early settlers were familiar with the black bear, the deer, moose, wild cat, sable, and other animals now virtually extinct in the county. 

The streams then swarmed with “speckled beauties,” and a tramp of half an hour beside almost any inland water would secure such a string as we never see now. 

Our waters can be restocked - should be - and cared for that they are properly fed and protected. They may thus be made the means of supplying much delicious food, and from a source now barren.

Herring are largely caught in weirs and prepared by pickling and smoking, for the market. Salmon are caught in weirs to some extent. Belfast annually sends out quite a fleet of fishing vessels, some to the banks, and some along the coast.

A little attention to trout breeding, fishways to allow shad and alewives to ascend our larger streams, and protection of fish preserves, would in a few years add vastly to the food producing capacity of our inland waters. 

It is a subject well worth the attention of our leading citizens, and we hope ere long that fish culture may be inaugurated and our streams and ponds be restocked with edible fish.

The song birds are the same as those of other sections of the State. They deserve protection and encouragement, for they are our safeguards againt insect depredations."

The following list embraces most of the wild animals now found in the county :

Latin names include typos &  misspellings

Mammals

Raccoon   

Skunk (Pole cat) . . . . . . . . . . .. .Mephitis mephitica.

Woodchuck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .Arctomys menus.

Grey Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .Sciums migrations.

Red Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sciurus Hudeonius.

Flying  Squirrel“ . . . . .  . . . . .. .Pteromys colucella.

Striped (Chipmunk). . . . . . . Tamias striatus.

Musk Rat (Musquash) . . . . . .. . Fiber zibethicus.

Common Rat.. . . . . . . . .  . . . . . .Mus. dccumcnus.

==================================================

(39)

Field Mouse . . . . .. ..Hesperonmys myoides.

Woods Mouse (Deer Mouse} . .Jaeuh:s Hudsonius.

House Mouse . . . . . .. . . . . mus. museums.

Meadow Hog (Black Mole)... . Uondylura crrlstatcc.

Common Mole . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Blov'€-rm mlpoidies.

Mink (Martin) . . . . . . . . . . . . Pwaleflus migrescens.

Weasel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..mustella cicognanii.

Rabbit (Hare).  . . . . . . . . . . .Lepus Anericanus.

Hedge Hog (Porcupine) . .  ...Ere£h?Izon dorsatns.

Fox (Red and Grey) . . . . . .. . Vulpeafuluu-.s and ergenmlus.

Otter (very rare) . . . . . . . . .. . L1-sire Uanwdensfe.

Fisher fib.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Jfustellm Pennamflii.

Loupcervier (ib.) . . . . . . . . . . .

Lynx:,,,,, Genadensia.

------------------------------------

The principal fresh water fish are as follows:

Trout. . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmo frontinalis.

Chub . . . . . . . . .  . Leueoeomus America-nus.

Shiner . .. . . . Ghirastarrzo notalum.

Red-fin . . . . . . . . . . .. .Plary-yrus carrmtus.

Sucker.. . . . . . . . . . . ... Oataslomus Bostoniensis.

Eel . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .. .Anguilla  Bostoniensus.

Pickerel . . . . . . . . . .. . . . Esozc reticutatus.

White Perch. . . . . . . . . ..Morone Americana.

Yellow Perch . . . . . . . . . . . 

Horned Pout . . . . . . . . . . .Amiurus palms.

Roach . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . Focus lineatus.

Smelts . . . . . . . . . Osmerus mordax.

Pumpkin Seed . . . .  .Pomo£1Ie appendix.

===============================================

Some of the more common birds of Waldo county:

Raptors

White Headed Eagle. 

Night Hawk.

Fish Hawk, (0sprey.) 

Pigeon Hawk 

Sparrow Hawk.

Great Horned Owl.

Brown Owl. 

Saw-whet Owl. 

Great Footed Hawk. 

======================

Shorebirds

Ash-colored Sandpiper.

Little Sandpiper.

Spotted Sandpiper.

Wood Duck.

Great Shearwater.

Loon.

Herring Gull.

American Gull.

------------------------------------

Woodpeckers 

Golden-winged Woodpecker.

Yellow-bellied Woodpecker.

Three-toed Woodpecker.

Downy Woodpecker.

----------------------------------

Songbirds

 Yellow-ramped Warbler.,

 Canada Fly-catcher. 

Winter Wren. 

Gold Crowned Wren. 

Ruby Wren.

 Bluebird.

 Brown Creeper.

Robin. 

Black-and-White Creeper.

Redstarls. 

Cedar bird.

Pewee. 

CatBird.

================================================

Phebe bird.

Great Crested Fly-catcher.

Kingbird.

Kingfisher.

-------------------------------------------

Swallows

Chimney Swallow.

Barn Swallow.

Bank Swallow.

Martin.

---------------------------------

Humming bird.

-------------------------------

‘Water Thrush.

Olive-Backed Thrush.

----------------------------------

Wiild Pigeon.

Ruffecl Grouse.

Crane.

Kildeer Plover.

(90)

Piping Plover.

White-bellied Nuthatch.

Yellowbird.

Bobolink.

-------------------------------

 Blackbird.

Crow.

Bluejay.

White-throated Sparrow

Ghipbird. (?)

Swamp Sparrow.

Black billed Cuckoo

===================

End excerpts

Dec 24, 2024

GAC Chemical Links by Year 1998 - 2024

 GAC Chemical video and image links by Year  1998 - 2024

                                                1998 

Video 1998

MP4s  

GAC_1998_60min_pt1_12min.mp4

GAC_1998%20coast.mp4

GAC_1998_waste_coast_examined.mp4

GAC_1998%20coast.mp4

GAC_1998/gac_1998_cleanup_1.mpg

GAC_1998_waste_coast_examined.mp4

 

AVIs 

  GAC 1998_a_022098_waste_erosion_b_040798_cleanup.avi    (700mb)

GAC_vid_1998 2 parts: _A_022098_waste_erosion_B_040798_cleanup (AVI)


Images 1998

JPEGS

GAC 1998_acidplant_superphosphate_plant.jpg


GAC_1998_cleanup_republican journal_070198_mcarpenter.jpg

GAC_1998_derelict_acid_plant_tank_from_flats.jpg

GAC_1998_filled_shore_below_factory_elevated_pipeline

gac_1998_flats_alumwastes_under_red_surface_layer

GAC 1998_flats_tarpaper_from_superphosphate_plant.

GAC 1998_flats_wastes_flocculants

GAC 1998 superphophate plant (derelict)_

 GAC 1998  superphosphate_plant. closed 1998.jpg

GAC 1998_superphosphate_plant_elevated_pipeline

gac_1998_acidplant_superphosphate_plant.jpg

gac_1998_cleanup_repjournal 070198_murray_carpenter.jpg

1998_video_stills/gac_1998_derelict_acid_plant_tank_from_flats.jpg

1998_video_stills/gac_1998_filled_shore_below_factory_elevated_pipeline.jpg

1998_video_stills/gac_1998_flats_alumwastes_under%20_red_surface_layer.jpg

gac_1998_flats_tarpaper_from_superphosphate_plant.jpg

gac_1998_flats_wastes_flocculants.jpg

gac_1998_superphosphate_plant.jpg

gac_1998_superphosphate_plant_elevated_pipeline.jpg

https://www.penbay.org/baytowns/searsport/gac_1998

https://www.penbay.org/av/gac_1998


February


March 

gac_dep_031698_history.jpg

gac_dep_031798_deltachem_phtest_060684.jpg

DEP Notice of Violation

gac_032798_dep_nova/gac_nova_dep_032798a.html

gac_032798_dep_nova

gac_nova_dep_032798a.jpg

gac_nova_dep_032798a.jpg

gac_nova_dep_032798a_small.jpg

gac_nova_dep_032898b.html

gac_nova_dep_032898b.jpg

gac_nova_dep_032898b.jpg

gac_nova_dep_032898b_small.jpg

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg1.html

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg1.jpg

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg1.jpg

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg1_small.jpg

ac_nova_resp_042098_pg2.html

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg2.jpg

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg2.jpg

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg2_small.jpg

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg3.html

gac_nova_resp_042098_pg3.jpg

/gac_nova_resp_042098_pg3.jpg

gac_nova_resp_041998_pg3_small.jpg

gac_nova resp 042098_reply to MDEP re NOVA 


PenBay Archive/CWP_1995 1998_GAC_oil


northern_chemical 1998_ Quonset fertilizer plant 




--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

JPEGs

1999

1999_111599_epa_devillars_leaves_legacy.jpg



2000


2001

*  gac_2015_vrap_012215_no_action_assurance.pdf


2002 



Kidder Point 2002 derelict fertilizer plant.jpg



2003


2004


2005


2006


2007


2008


2009


2010


2011


2013


2014


2015

gac_2015_town_letter_vrap_022615.pdf

2016


2017


2018


2019


2020


2021


2022


2023


2024


Kingdom Microbia and the Public Goods Dilemma

"[C]ue-driven threshold cooperation may be a viable evolutionary strategy for microbes that cannot keep track of past behavior of their potential cooperating partners, in spatially viscous and in well-mixed environments alike. 

2019  Behavioral heterogeneity in quorum sensing can stabilize social cooperation in microbial populations  

Excerpts

" Microbial communities are susceptible to the public goods dilemma.  

* Bacteria establish a cooperative system (quorum sensing) in a population, by coordinating their production of costly and shareable extracellular products ('public goods' in that microsociety. Be it a microfilm on an eelgrass stem)

Cooperators are vulnerable to being undermined QS-deficient defectors that escape from quorum cooperation but benefit from the cooperation of others.  They have ways of blocking them, but mostly don't:

infact  cooperators frequently coexist with defectors. "They form a relatively stable equilibrium during evolution.  "   

The Noncooperators bring innovation  but in small enough doses 

These individuals can gain an advantage within a group by using, but not sharing, the cost of producing, public goods.  

Microorganisms have evolved several mechanisms to resist cheating invasion in the public goods game.  The simplest one is  "Conditional Defectors. 
Conditional defectors represent a QS-inactive state of wild type (cooperator) individual and can invade QS-activated cooperators by adopting a cheating strategy, and then revert to cooperating when there are abundant nutrient supplies irrespective of the exploitation of QS-mutant defector."

 "[T]he incorporation of conditional defection strategy into the framework of iterated public goods game with sound punishment mechanism can lead to the coexistence of cooperator, conditional defector, and defector in a rock-paper-scissors dynamics.

Dec 22, 2024

DEP Hodgkins emails on GAC, August and September 2013

 

Emails between Ron Huber and MDEP  August 20, 2013 to September 3, 2013 


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 From: Ron Huber [mailto:coastwatch@gmail.com]

Sent: Tuesday, August 20, 2013 11:54 AM
To: Wright, David W
Subject: GAC pollution complaint map of sites of concern

 

Dear Mr, Wright 

Here attached FYI is an aerial photo with captions that shows the locations of concern to Friends of Penobscot Bay along the south side of Kidder Point. This aerial photo can also be seen online. Click Here

 

We found lowest pH ( 2 or less) at sites B, D and G

One can also note the flow patterns of wastes from land through the intertidal and out toward the subtidal harbor .

 

See also landbased photos of tainted areas of concern click here

 

Please let us know when DEP plans to visit as we'd like to be there as well, to quietly observe.

 Best wishes,

 Ron

--

Ron Huber
Friends of Penobscot Bay

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

On Tue, Aug 20, 2013 at 4:42 PM, Wright, David W <David.W.Wright@maine.gov> wrote:

Ron, we have assigned Wilkes Harper from my Division to investigate this complaint.

 

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

From: Ron Huber [mailto:coastwatch@gmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, August 20, 2013 6:00 PM
To: Wright, David W
Cc: Harper, Wilkes B; Harlan McLaughlin
Subject: Re: GAC pollution complaint map of sites of concern

 Thank you, David!  

 Mr. Wilkes, I see via the internet you have a good deal of experience with this sort of legacy waste site investigation.  We look forward to learning of the variety of wastes that have been deposited along the shore over time - to find out what is innocuous and what needs remediation. 


 Apart from the pictures and historic info we've sent along, what other info would be helpful?   Let us know when you will be visiting the site; we'd like to tag along so we can point out several slumping erosion sites of interest, from the vantage point of the intertidal below the bluff. Some of these are ordinarily only visible after leaf fall.


GAC Chemical has been a good corporate neighbor under David Colter's leadership. He has been responsive to the concept of trimming back, capping and revegetating the slumping bluffs of that cove alongside the point - if not the actual execution. 


 Achieving that would be a huge accomplishment for the bay. If, in addition to capping those acidic tailings, there is a need for remediation beyond that (i.e.if the abandoned factory & tank turn out to have acid or other materials leaching from them in significant quantities and need demolition, or excavation of tainted soils, or of certain areas of the intertidal mud, should that be warranted We  believe they will be cooperative on that too.


 We look forward to meeting you at the GAC Chemical site. Please contact me  at your earliest convenience by email or by phone  691-7485 Day  or cellphone 593-2744


 Sincerely 

 Ron 

 Ron Huber, executive director 

Friends of Penobscot Bay  

cc Harlan McLaughlin, President of FOPB

============================

From: Harper, Wilkes B
Sent: Thursday, August 22, 2013 12:40 PM
To: 'Ron Huber'
Cc: Harlan McLaughlin; Knuuti, Karen
Subject: RE: GAC pollution complaint map of sites of concern

 Hi Ron, 

I have been asked, along with Karen Knuuti of our Bangor Office, to perform a preliminary environmental assessment of the GAC Chemical property in Searsport based upon your concerns.  The purpose of our assessment is to determine which Unit within the Maine Department of Environmental Protection would be the most appropriate for addressing those concerns.

 

Karen and I have made arrangements to visit this property on Wed. September 4th.  We have also reserved the following Friday, September 6th, in case stormy weather jeopardizes our site visit on the 4th.

 

We anticipate arriving at the GAC property around at 10AM.  We would be pleased to have you join us.

 

In the meantime, if you have any questions do not hesitate to call me.  Please realize that my schedule has me away from my desk and out of the office frequently so I apologize up front if there is a slight delay in responding.

 

Thanks!

 Wilkes    

 

Wilkes B. Harper, Brownfields/VRAP Project Manager

BRWM-DR-SASS

Maine Department of Environmental Protection

State House Station 17, Augusta, Maine 04333

(207)  287-4856  office / (207)  592-1192   cell

wilkes.b.harper@maine.gov 


===============================================

From: Harper, Wilkes B
Sent: Friday, August 23, 2013 11:51 AM
To: 'Ron Huber'
Cc: 'Harlan McLaughlin'; Knuuti, Karen
Subject: RE: GAC pollution complaint map of sites of concern

 

Hi Ron,

 Karen Knuuti of the Department’s Bangor Office has just advised me that GAC Chemical has requested that the date of the site inspection be changed to the following week.  Karen and I are both available on Tuesday, Sept. 10th.   To take advantage of the tides we are planning on arriving at the property at 10 AM.

 I wanted you to know the new date and time.

 Wilkes   

 

Wilkes B. Harper, Brownfields/VRAP Project Manager

BRWM-DR-SASS

Maine Department of Environmental Protection

State House Station 17, Augusta, Maine 04333

(207)  287-4856  office / (207)  592-1192   cell

wilkes.b.harper@maine.gov 


===================================


On Thu, Aug 29, 2013 at 4:58 PM, Hodgkins, Nick <Nick.Hodgkins@maine.gov> wrote:

Mr. Huber, 

As you are aware, the Department is proceeding with the evaluation of the potential environmental issues that you have identified at the GAC facility in Searsport.  To that end, Karen Knuuti from the Division of Solid Waste and Wilkes Harper from the Division of Remediation will be conducting a joint inspection on September 10th to assess these potential impacts and determine if further actions by the Department are necessary, and if so, which regulatory program is most applicable.  The Department requested and received approval from the property owner (GAC) to conduct this visit.

  I am sending you this e-mail to clarify any previous, inadvertent miscommunication from Department staff.  The Department does not have the authority to allow you to join us during our visit and assessment of the potential issues at the property.    If you wish to visit the site, you will need to obtain permission to do so from the current property owner, GAC.  

Please feel free to contact me should you have further questions or concerns. 

Nick

 Nicholas J. Hodgkins

Oil & Hazardous Materials Specialist in the Bureau of Remediation & Waste Management
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
(207) 287-4854 (desk) (207) 592-0882 (cell)
nick.hodgkins@maine.gov

 ================================================

From: Ron Huber [mailto:coastwatch@gmail.com]
Sent: Sunday, September 01, 2013 3:45 PM
To: Hodgkins, Nick
Subject: Re: GAC Site Visit by DEP. Is VRAP data available Tuesday.

 

Dear Mr. Hodgkins 

I will be in Augusta Tuesday and would like to stop in at DEP in the afternoon for a quick look at or discussion of the VRAP files of GAC Chemical.  Very short notice, I'm afraid! Is this possible?  


 Also, are there examples of other sites in Maine with a history of 20th century fertilizer production and/or sulfuric acid production that DEP is aware of or has required remediation of?

 

Re  GAC VRAP: We don't know specifically where the remediation site identified as REM 01170  is located on the GAC property, but are very interested in using that remediation action history to add to our understanding of Kidder Point wastes and their past and potential future remediation.

 

Best wishes

Ron Huber

==================================================


RE: GAC Site Visit by DEP. Is VRAP data available Tuesday.

Hodgkins, Nick <Nick.Hodgkins@maine.gov>
Tue, Sep 3, 2013, 7:12 AM
TO: [ me]

Mr. Huber,
You may view the files by contacting the file room at 287-7843 and making an appointment. I believe the file room opens at 8:00.
There are likely other sites that would fit the description you provided; I, however, cannot recall having any participate in VRAP or Brownfields.

Sincerely,

 Nick 

Nicholas J. Hodgkins
Oil & Hazardous Materials Specialist in the Bureau of Remediation & Waste Management
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
(207) 287-4854 (desk) (207) 592-0882 (cell)
nick.hodgkins@maine.gov


=======================================



Dec 17, 2024

Gulf of Maine currents and their connectivity. A summary.

A step by step  systematic analysis of  Gulf of Maine currents and their interconnections, including potential wind farm impacts. 

I. THE MAINE COASTAL CURRENT SYSTEM:

1. Eastern Maine Coastal Current (EMCC)
Strong, cold current flowing southwestward from Bay of Fundy
Speed: typically 15-30 cm/s
Highly turbulent, well-mixed
Critical for nutrient transport

Potential wind farm impacts:
Reduced current velocity from wind energy extraction
Altered mixing patterns affecting nutrient distribution
Changes in larval transport

2. Western Maine Coastal Current (WMCC)
Weaker continuation of EMCC
More stratified than EMCC
Speed: typically 5-15 cm/s
Significant seasonal variation
Potential wind farm impacts:
Increased mixing could disrupt natural stratification
Wake effects could alter plankton distribution
Changes in temperature structure


II DEEP BASIN GYRES:

1. Jordan Basin Gyre
Cyclonic (counterclockwise) circulation
Important for deep water renewal
Influenced by slope water intrusion
New research shows unique seasonal temperature patterns
Potential wind farm impacts:
Altered vertical mixing affecting deep water properties
Changed nutrient cycling
Modified stratification patterns

2.Wilkinson Basin Gyre
Similar to Jordan Basin but with distinct characteristics
Important for water mass exchange
Strong seasonal variation
Potential wind farm impacts:
Changed circulation patterns
Altered deep water properties
Modified stratification

3. Franklin Basin Gyre
Smaller than Jordan and Wilkinson
Important for local mixing
Connects to other basin systems
Potential wind farm impacts:
Local circulation changes
Modified mixing patterns


III. BOUNDARY CURRENTS:

6. Nova Scotian Coastal Current
Brings fresh water from Scotia Shelf
Critical for stratification
Strong seasonal signal
Potential wind farm impacts:
Altered freshwater transport
Changed stratification patterns
Modified nutrient distribution

7. Slope Water
Warm, saline water entering via Northeast Channel
Critical for nutrient input
Three-month transit time to Jordan Basin
Potential wind farm impacts:
Changed mixing with shelf water
Altered nutrient transport
Modified temperature patterns

IV. REGIONAL FEATURES:

Georges Bank Circulation
Strong tidal mixing
Important for fisheries
Complex frontal systems
Potential wind farm impacts:
Changed mixing patterns
Altered frontal dynamics
Modified nutrient distribution

Bay of Fundy Gyre
World's highest tides
Critical for mixing
Important whale habitat
Potential wind farm impacts:
Modified tidal mixing
Changed upwelling patterns
Altered whale feeding grounds

V. FRONTAL SYSTEMS:

Shelfbreak Front
Separates shelf and slope waters
Important for productivity
Strong seasonal variation
Potential wind farm impacts:
Changed front position
Modified mixing patterns
Altered nutrient exchange

Tidal Mixing Fronts
Important for productivity
Strong seasonal signal
Critical fish habitat
Potential wind farm impacts:
Changed front locations
Modified mixing intensity
Altered habitat characteristics


VI. CUMULATIVE CONSIDERATIONS:

1. Climate Change Interactions:
Gulf warming faster than 99% of global ocean
Changed stratification patterns
Modified current strengths
Wind farm impacts could either amplify or moderate these changes

2. Anthropogenic Pressures:
Fishing pressure
Pollution inputs
Habitat modification
Wind farms add another layer of complexity


Detailing potential wind farm impacts to GOM currents.

SURFACE-LEVEL IMPACTS:

1. Wind Energy Extraction Effects
Reduced wind speeds extending 35-70km downstream
Weakened surface current velocities
Changed upwelling/downwelling patterns
Modified surface mixing intensity

2. Wake Effects
Creation of turbulent zones
Formation of circulation dipoles
Altered plankton distribution patterns
Modified surface temperature patterns

MID-WATER IMPACTS:
1. Stratification Changes
Disrupted temperature layering
Modified density boundaries
Altered seasonal mixing patterns
Changed nutrient distribution

2. Mixing Zone Effects
Enhanced vertical mixing at turbine sites
Modified thermocline depth and strength
Changed internal wave patterns
Altered frontal boundary positions

DEEP WATER IMPACTS:

1. Basin Circulation Changes
Modified gyre strengths and patterns
Altered deep water renewal
Changed bottom water properties
Shifted nutrient cycling patterns


SYSTEM-WIDE EFFECTS

1. Current Interactions
Modified current strengths and paths
Changed intersection points of currents
Altered exchange between current systems
Modified tidal mixing patterns

2. Biological Responses
Changed larval transport patterns
Shifted feeding ground locations
Modified migration pathways
Altered habitat characteristics

================================
END

Dec 15, 2024

Penobscot Bay's Tectonic History, September 1995.

A look at the geologic history of Penobscot Bay.  September 18, 1995
By:David B. Stewart  John D. Ungerl, & Deborah R. Hutchinson USGS , Reston, Wrginia 22092, U.S.A. and U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, U.S.A.

Summary  Early Paleozoic amalgamation of composite terranes was contemporaneous at widely separated regions that were later accreted to either ancestral North America or to Gondwana as those two continents approached each other. 

Terranes closer to Laurentia amalgamated in the Late Cambrian to Middle Ordovician Penobscottian orogeny and were accreted to ancestral North America in the Middle and to Late Orodovician Taconic orogeny. 

Peri Gondwanan terranes formed from Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician rocks were amalgamated in the Late Ordovician and Early Silurian to form the Salinic orogenic belt, now exposed from western Europe to southem New England. 

Salinic orogenic activity involved extensive thrust faulting and metamorphism, large strike-slip faults, and plutonism, all of which are represented in coastal Maine.

 In the Penobscot Bay region, Maine, the peri-Gondwanan St. Croix terrane was thrust northwest in the Silurian(?) upon middle amphibolite facies Ordovician and Early Silurian rocks of the Fredericton trough. Seismic reflection profiles show that the thrust fault dips  southeasterly at -30° and becomes listric at about 13 1 2 km. 

The thrust sheet was broken initially by the Late Silurian Penobscot Bay-Smith Cove-North Blue Hill dextral strike-slip fault which juxtaposed the peri-Gondwanan Ellsworth terrane, followed by emplacement of the South Penobscot Intrusive Suite and by a sequence of strike-slip fault Zones each with up to 20 km of dextral Silurian and Early Devonian(’I) movement. 

The strike-slip faults are interpreted to either remain steep until they reach the sole of the thrust sheet or to become listric within the thrust sheet. 

In the Devonian Acadian orogeny, more outboard terranea with Gondwanan aflinitics, like the Avalonian terranes in southem New Brunswick and in eastem Massachusetts, were amalgamated with the Silurian orogenic belt, and the resulting composite terrane was accreted to ancestral North America. Acadian deformation, metamorphism, and plutonism are superimposed on the Silurian orogen, blurring or obliterating the evidence of Silurian orogeny.

End abstract

Sears Island Geologic Fault Investigation Results 1976

SEARS ISLAND FAULT INVESTIGATION
SEARS ISLAND, SEARSPORT, MAINE
March 19, 1976
  (263 page pdf; Maps start pg 41
by John R. Rand, Consulting Geologist
Robert G. Gerber, Geologist, Central Maine Power Company for Maine Nuclear Power Station Central Maine Power Company
Augusta, Maine  19 March 1976

Executive Summary

During the course of geologic studies for Central Maine Power Company’s proposed nuclear
power plant on Sears Island in Searsport, Maine, a northeasterly trending, highly weathered rock
zone was inferred about 1,000 feet (300 m.) from the reactor site. 

From April through November 1975, an investigation was conducted centering around two large trenches across the trend of the weathered zone. This report is a summary of the results and interpretations of the investigations performed.
The trenches exposed an ancient fault zone containing highly weathered phyllitic rock. In the
more westerly of the two large trenches, this weathered rock material had locally intruded and
caused minor deformation of Laurentide lodgment till. 

In the more easterly trench, a small bedrock reverse offset was found on the east wall with associated disturbance of overlying glacial till. On the west wall of the easterly trench, a small monoclinal flexure was found at the  till/bedrock interface. 

The investigators conclude that the bedrock fault zone experienced its last tectonic movement in Pre-Cenozoic time. 

The deformation of the tills over the fault zone is interpreted to have occurred approximately 13,500 to 12,800 years ago as a result of the weaker,  weathered rock having been squeezed between the adjacent harder bedrock masses. 

This squeezing produced either a forceful intrusion of highly weathered material into the till or an
arching of somewhat more competent but still relatively weaker rock in the fault zone. 

The squeezing and arching was a result of 1) lateral stress relief of the harder bedrock into the softer
fault zone materials during glacial unloading and/or

 2) a horizontal stress against the weaker fault zone rock through southeasterly directed base shear and stress distribution from the weight of a glacial lobe advance during the final overall glacial recession.

There is no evidence to indicate a tectonic origin of the till deformation.
END

John R. Rand, consulting geologist and Maine Certified Geologist #2, directed the investigation
and mapping of the bedrock geology and is a co-author of this report. Robert G. Gerber,
geologist for Central Maine Power Company and Maine Certified Geologist #110, directed the
investigation and mapping of the surficial geology and is a co-author of this report.

Dec 14, 2024

wrfr 12/14/24

 

Mapping the Patriarchy in Conservation

Leonie Bossert, Tom Crompton, Anwesha Dutta, Joni Seager
Biodiversity, Volume 3, Article 38, 12 December 2024

https://www.nature.com/articles/s44185-024-00072-4Abstract



Iyt can't happen here sinclair lewis